ࡱ> qsuvrn$}0oc`wbPNG  IHDR|7WcHsRGBbKGD pHYs  tIME7 IDATxOhGܴ&!mqU5I C?\>Br׽`l 'P WRO+(n RQ2.8 DCZi!wvg]i~zjvw3vfi&/:|t:| }JSSSJU*fxHC*F8~r6:|.{{{tPo=T-aP>b433QD0RFq_{%rE> B`|STK?>ZR"-NWX:|iBa#hj7>r( KDeC?O˝u젧J -)\a4CafTr$~?O;^DDJ顼d:CqCCaf'bѺD:DDDNBŸ'R˝_n_ADDtܹgΜ!"u2 vA={f}~qCCa& m'<رcDDtI' Ÿ!gǏC!؝*JJvܱ1RJ#*aP#dii1]IQK' Ÿug;|,Q<ha$)6UhKTeT*C衰7X 矾OBŸ'NwFg}D4S,z}pCCa&* IEOMM?ϐ|X,iyyfff(Q,9K(HP>oyh4hccϽk^~eߗZ5byJ$hff7hyy:&HP6u|e|pp`}ft*[]h4(wZfff(Hx*4@q䖏([ܔܱܔ6G6m: eY,!v?+E˽wNeש(;/.\`}.J4>>Nl"5P:3HwŸ'wzSuS4+biMۈV*SQ[nʲlEg۞[jfnfRiベ :4TźL&ӴV(b\nx״;͓$IHΒ$5=xVXEwf5MkH3z'96s3^d+-VZ|gx5zY͙,FK?}5GEPpl0|tP~.N?wjje|wڥI\eNFBr?"nznJ"^n=Nu:H^߼x7JAI|N,{/A-\vˎ;,XYT&z=}x r:O_G͑~b': j"! џA?OV&Y9co N/Gd^w2RD$Q:K|ٖ~!>|oO<>tEiϟ?w=p*GcggNJkZigee(H=~K.5h4/?x=fll^Jc7ۂ> X[*{ V>Y""JM~(Z$]XX踣a}VUg5 %]כ֖kgE$""MO>q<,{}}u'xڵkCzYigrrժжZͪ_q;O34 n߾Mϟ?nܸAa,r9+z)٩T*$ImGr\3GGD^w_;5`O7?4 nSo0ouDPeSkuK=4(W٧GF٨Ⱥ39O5)Ϡ ŸQg&f Ow6Byl-[P/Pm}`y"\Nuy74%Itd:X::|<_U(^7 n0vϠ ŸQ۽vy<tq Y4_ Bʂ*8׼sc{{^o&XK'hѣG_wZ AA->=,ѣGgb[3Lǵ'A8έǮk2^5S~p7ov86L ʝ'enmmQTu{n8|0ɲLMW\ O;|KKK_}]+R'mnnQsn$EaXpaBTEQ\3 F'NH\++6*[? ׭T!W;Y]w|Bē M\A:ʎBVU駟>-,~Qql;O3dT*QV똟X0_=YgR$ܻwOxE;CEfffFhDDqJ$.0w*~- n#Z͒[߹ߙzPѰ?_t#L)a4^TѠ|>7) ~NGycG}gϞ VQwK'666(onnSV^y啞WG3;Ztj8yW~xbd%T*{A: |c?/OwŸg955Eiҍ72L83J5zxaww)>I';*޽{ӦB$2Wzss?79~d^G8krY=_ x/<}TXn]DzAabd6<j5;wQ:Z֒nή=k׮QwXC)+++DDB._#g8 ŸOC[)cݖ WnTY[v r݈mwݔD O7[q5Zlڰo ٥/n}W.mv' t;y-|CNqx&[8RBݍWp ^.Ϡ ŸO{ya*-ݸ';F4S[:IiY T*m!EqL"o]כ∸mϯptȧ,[eld2-b+Q _^VU|ݶkNKо#l<{,{m;|Ϡ Ÿvvu6Ç[ Ztw]`sJ/l>DOl;wr? w)LZǽֿ7 j)95˴AMW:t_~t)'xTU%M;$IP(8+ Qp$?T*5MSU.]Dϟw]c-//$)B?r~?r' ?<Β(];Ez,b&iuվ,B!;ςuSQ^%Vf* ^ʲ(n*Q0IFNzS@H6Z!IR(U^7UU5STOPY^6*7|^li=|^u, M>beY6u]F|FTUmrf\6UUm)~zM릮릪B,v_ek,\, fR>p3HwŸLf mkߦt+v{^ ^.J4Kvn ʧS4LƔ${Q\.4B gw&^9S(["g^$˻SJJy"Cþ*&/k"NRf.awdZʋ﷛TMMT*r=lJ]/ :|ǟA?GnH?45hvo#Y~?9*dN\/^>/tc ,:@aaYD04 oeP?X,;'?bH+++- ٯ^ ;"?(N4Eݝ˜777IӴv tq‚J #(:gvhrG4]YNt yeeΜ93aB,w299ID/df[-Gh4h}}*7'O45阌z3W_}z|2 ;3ccc@'O˗/Ey=ܤjAo&ɲ)Z`mm~P)ӧP??=رйk@<^HVi4 t#J" A_oݺEF~G$nݺ)tx>Nϟ {.:h6rSP??ǝ1St(B6=yfF àׯ]rjHbJhqq7';`p:ubkmmN>-8>Szwq3 P?Ko ` >@ +oIENDB`n5 5vq5sޠ?XKPNG  IHDRa1<PLTE-*bꝜec;8lWUDBsIFw{yMKz[Ysqlj53husВRP~1.eYV96kA>qPM|xv/-da^pn2/fKHx.+c>mg@lL }ẻC8_Č]) \eLv7d2+zFwNK5c!lZ#0"B$ e cT= i/-8R'Zal:pc;7vVJ/g"\;\@ 0ڜX9ݖ4cc))|=_mBFa"G JTG/y]'I7Y'GZ=GmԯUFAOrzCIq8*RC82H2q^+r5IQYXȼm2EU#h]P[zD;-+܈IPslZD.j^,k: бtr+5 1aX=na,0F*GR"eOA@''&.E1@[SQ W-XU UhU ]1Ih48G"obrupGm"ֵ~|4"-dX IĊoSZ--4~8*'| ր67V+"XU[DM&ljYyP(BE@=)I!_EN3lY!PswD=kKv6f 6Q䝛D0qwЁ֣WH{NĚ!큢SKTDDV\1Di& »Hv؇\#s;SKTFlõVîHҪ}{Pve*{9 L{M鞝2zF%y4> :ai#T?ҙ\^.ǔI^k<-X$"gEE%0k=nf+L;d ٟb i"9ºɃ*ɟhY*/8r37{qD5Ǵ?o_?dGկq2mGP]8 xdOCxє\H~ÇU U_.Ƚ9&Y2> ~P`(18@+ZC-hvK>iV;/)jEJzAQ'FM*}ؽ_e>J{Q3tLsbКNtP _IZ7F3]YHa^Sq]SBjӞƸ1Y^^C0U(,lE[.Q Rʪ&xf8r;4e$95Ukvt(i.+D}Ĭ!D*)oD_D^+gk& G_œ"9FUZY PX5Hpoaͭfp^6? 3MHqfo}sJ%Y>wi]T1Х}Q/_Ze8S/$bIENDB`n++A nC3YPNG  IHDRy/je'iCCPICC ProfilexWy4lcߗ2dR% 3 3ؓ"TM*[!kRIHDE-s~y<{9}.ߔFA@pheJps x8A/fboo6T͇FOɧzuCws@T@(6!_"4B~>D ҝb o/x"N H`3"xTH I@~S|iG3nWˡwxI|YJ6d[p0m-@W,ւ9gY,֏B]_8=y!c߁FPh&Ζ!p " ^X:QkàBrjg WV-]mn%>L[̥,b,_еvYjl/욻g}Aϲo{|24 uRCDz4P*=31=J):{07Ѓ_GՓw|dRʅSR+4=:nS/,f@.c +2.&]Zolq{ɕ#eXSq2m\ZuoM^mHq=[ M55+7jhk~*Rڕۧ])ӕmڽ GgtiBO?Kh{N Y M89><2rDbeՍ1W^۾^~Sv剫NPM O=LGYO̗yWo-EsZVXYiJ_b1F./O.6AКq1I62/(Z+lR)UTOXմYI9 , >o29lakbyꝵ]6l :=]2\ݰ{Ƽ|v%;Cd)S!Lj-#tD(FGE9x\|# EEG/>Lt2;%T#gϹwH0Ժ%^ʙXXsɀ)\ʅ!׬1oJZK/^w^V>Qq2&jWb R3T{.~-|Û5wt9G[mu'oH۟?bvP;`zfyǞ=3}4P{Phk(ܗ#ؑ;WJFΎ[zC~Kx;82i<}ԋ;fP3 Cgg|>'<ˉy F.n^T-dYuﾫѵ?E~>aX( Z cE_U7#BJs"b +!-.eq>igmf vJ]7 jknZ-=VZZjͭ Fy3SLḼ-XYX}ںsg.͙ݱTW:wTfw pwދ;ս0O_}?1ef-БzwuP3%/86đLCFBk( p鈦(zXl{qCGqD!0|RR챽 NHXL~r8ĩ&_=v~PlF{f,ltpnu鋤|Z.\vZIQbgf)eYK7[Jju?u!]l;My͌rwZO}fps#o]k'^>3O}nnU<<^<ͼD)>;ju n #,!|QDVTTKQlؐ54IE&)uIe7I{J 0eefm0E)切QU PVQ>QEXe@5[G]YFMٴG67dFyl1*Aa&)fG̓,-OYȱsFdm]ǭNݮ{Ux n{I{'dhL rLDЄCk1uQqqGl%?p2TJѴsLFVfŭgW,yh:Y3_PwG9}N'k}.OKV3F^5x0=ybfkNh~W r`dȃJh ʈ9C;( Pr(*ՌB M!hF C`X3l6vkd6 d~v)@Z4UUN;k,.: N^̛χw0,b h4ZVHI4IIK^q]z4M L,qvxy=9REҌr U+jD MMBio.9GA|}mF MMM̼,NXYUKdž픽eCc{ݥ=B<ۼd"r;-Aj9ja )%.U \EᕄܣIsNj=RxOfy[w~$Bzv|nVOׄ7\)XjV޻LFD'Rmd) mYa,3j<&(v5t 6cI%O4Haq,\Yk&َ9y)s̫W-7N)~m~=aw؝͵w)v]QW'+}O5=$ _Zč~0V0z-DŽwߦi3LO> 64?Pb̒7ew+{ʮίu(YbӌJ 6fe_#ǃd3#P 0 X՟li |a bmL@![@$sڬ .G Ť?k"p}w<&7l ́~@ Pd?Ɓ~@2|  C(@p tvWW: DzUYh}@2i5 fH~Y?Xou_!tA:{n)`FE F!̨pJSW%hij"na"`\IDATxk<7i<`d$Hb3+C1D r3 X6bB8ij~cJbykׂ`ܢŸ5(04}fyr{3w̽;3{9ܱnKA\Ad`@/A A:A$@/A A:A$@/A A:A$@/A A:A$@/3 ຮ뺃n) BaЭ@1OAbnnnuuuЭ/޿Э@ HHtDnj\>x`"## $1,~9(J^O亮mێloo/_t]~z"## Ij:;;9ibZٳF$iwwH/P H,,,ܾ}sl{tn߾3igP5AZBΞ=;T~\=q8#e---Zo&z@s5v$]Eq'9(mi6~YSU5f UjU AR(Nqիj9vm۞$=P*`.(o'_zJѨr9l'OrޖeMOOW ~Y|,Ricc []םʉree… ٛe?A\DZEqÇ)I͛7rgoookk5򍤭V vvvXq`Y;;;KKKuСCG`_'CU՟'{C>i(^%=OLWfЃ?Zz 迋/  ,P;b'%>10 KlV.i"mB,p$Is1P$NEa@Jҫ Z^eͦ$I4Eg8iP,yhV ։&lۆOE- nWӴ m$ 1TZYٺ8eY+ nsNğ R5 x8#IRzTU;P~C"T@=3 AX;uNOOFr1Bȹs?}:u+W7y1Ȳ7 U}oBȡCHLv-Bș3gjw8lO՞`]r!HGT*z4JCs[I8vײ64M Ӱ-CdoYaQ ,(<{$A5ަǏ{w{{wߥ@Xe߫gΟ?e?V|EEؖm 1'{[PW~Ϟ=:π˗/AD8hAr!HKRR'OFOOOi2]EQ8]/K~{{{~믿/C_3o|Wi$5T/Ξ=tҞ} :";Ò\DA Τ0 iOI3qΟkqZd>XB-\ l 6&˸QCCb_#.1\D_3gR~~~~^"I$~QkkڛoɹyXiO>ݷpX\D3z|>d$&>g"9\\(J`Qߐ$O4Q4†#RBUMq O*njm??] ;H@rHnAoZTmq$?ewiF-fϻn7j5t$o'^ ѧwQ#82 m}BWCɅke>O#1)x}HhP5׮$lRBh!WJПWx,Ȓ41y`ןS!^ s]vܲ,OCzb$_}]<X /Pi_%oJ?䄆} Xwvv8qΝ=z]1nѸ{nɏ 8H… ,dȈm@Zt*niZ`ݻSN 6G|GL?~wvv$rD׋&'V׏9B_.5monnMsK}:V7K_%M\ZZ:~ƍlϟAcR&&&n޼9;;+2I,0$`el1wzo.YXg@iI l$kIsӟ)X͇+Dj_' g)yE`r!O{hNd3xuaTp83G\.`Ξ#}HM9ρ-_|"шINԡCbozf$80(,=$0GF bx}Ml۞2m^zz,..H^#n{!-yd(Ji˵k׋,kffȑ#O?ϯ~+']ņt{vNi>CzL8^xt rrL &؇zCp(^$j-?L.7uvA 5`_}"R"a fF*0mtϙp :<=/ |"O= Oy ozebN7"jYA5f^'?b#guFvæ ]'2"0| ?Ai'nݺ?9sqEt[;"Ig- @X0K"B$I \ /ECD F/2X__U_HV˗/ÇŢeYaݥ"xš}6rPgoTH/ ½{<#G py*JcnF/q ?5M.f"bxI IK3Xe@ڲ,s>@U2""^V?6Psh5iE\.X {]׽w^]hZӂ^Rж vpvם;w8 ikk+$ 3oc /$M=qJ"،8{ XYYXiMÇ,+0ӧO`u]̓?eKR|}֭>q`Ӄrt_sZP#,j˟~H/^d1:^&qͪ+y}H ω+m"={TZ[[ j`V$I͒zku]tsa;=뺿 lG_-IOj|2pM oE3 ş8[$%>t@MivL`" 5 e=6+pzƍG`dY? Jƃ8e vf,QRUn1;; Dz'NLMM.U0W^'g8q]>/"ϡ(/_f~U׮]"Pd6ٙ`r+H0 ,mDΑ3;Ivu!X$apam +R&MVArEy1Ao,Ζ#g? $?3xD%z=?R8)NtLl4M0<8+KfRCPX$0ͦzT4EzvmۦmT*PL6qEfVy ? u9D&Cuv#逰{AKEQX= /rC|%BwE_)$9ul: 2*[郪j\|ׂDKN* Ut f j[ӧ` ' EeNkr4f`nO,& ڗM 'h> JhkAوϽͦ쯀 _$<_kM6#aضm呦i~AWǡ#?ϨCݦҪiƜ] Z;+rl65Mc!/H;Fh:')Sfs`^.IP|PtLŲFXiI ^.IP|)ڶMt|^m[U!Y %V "A5Mb4DBdu?\ν, Eꫯ?Yʅ O2TD{Kbr5\պu'7|Y"^033jwz׌2 @YXX8́]u]mooollZeA<-A\._|"Il, ? !}]~E\7Ȱ:A^f5m*HA jAHX,$,@ӟĦ8Ө>8@/F A$@/A A:A$@/A A:A$@}@*Jbq,A7ٯ` j,ZZZZ]]LԦiˌg0d4@ KZeS@#):AP_r")I˲&'' e'KXZ !(ׯTN\.S_BX\YYsCd"f)IRvmlq@LӤ'6eOEQdYv'N1 *4U08wFF qdY=,vZ {Z P%p(l6 !Z-f+$I$Ź922-AbQզ'&&!Ngssu[B$IPI[=zHbU4 &t~H@ ?C8^__'ǏBΟ?ﹶP(\xÞ¡sNѐ$ʕ+?^7oƹ?22^NsA84 cqqp]^#w_}~~=966ɓ'0>>jN#I!4MϝˠQ2"P!L('A7L4r]95" @d_JQN pB\D ҝb o/x"N H`3"xTH I@~S|iG3nWˡwxI|YJ6d[p0m-@W,ւ9gY,֏B]_8=y!c߁FPh&Ζ!p " ^X:QkàBrjg WV-]mn%>L[̥,b,_еvYjl/욻g}Aϲo{|24 uRCDz4P*=31=J):{07Ѓ_GՓw|dRʅSR+4=:nS/,f@.c +2.&]Zolq{ɕ#eXSq2m\ZuoM^mHq=[ M55+7jhk~*Rڕۧ])ӕmڽ GgtiBO?Kh{N Y M89><2rDbeՍ1W^۾^~Sv剫NPM O=LGYO̗yWo-EsZVXYiJ_b1F./O.6AКq1I62/(Z+lR)UTOXմYI9 , >o29lakbyꝵ]6l :=]2\ݰ{Ƽ|v%;Cd)S!Lj-#tD(FGE9x\|# EEG/>Lt2;%T#gϹwH0Ժ%^ʙXXsɀ)\ʅ!׬1oJZK/^w^V>Qq2&jWb R3T{.~-|Û5wt9G[mu'oH۟?bvP;`zfyǞ=3}4P{Phk(ܗ#ؑ;WJFΎ[zC~Kx;82i<}ԋ;fP3 Cgg|>'<ˉy F.n^T-dYuﾫѵ?E~>aX( Z cE_U7#BJs"b +!-.eq>igmf vJ]7 jknZ-=VZZjͭ Fy3SLḼ-XYX}ںsg.͙ݱTW:wTfw pwދ;ս0O_}?1ef-БzwuP3%/86đLCFBk( p鈦(zXl{qCGqD!0|RR챽 NHXL~r8ĩ&_=v~PlF{f,ltpnu鋤|Z.\vZIQbgf)eYK7[Jju?u!]l;My͌rwZO}fps#o]k'^>3O}nnU<<^<ͼD)>;ju n #,!|QDVTTKQlؐ54IE&)uIe7I{J 0eefm0E)切QU PVQ>QEXe@5[G]YFMٴG67dFyl1*Aa&)fG̓,-OYȱsFdm]ǭNݮ{Ux n{I{'dhL rLDЄCk1uQqqGl%?p2TJѴsLFVfŭgW,yh:Y3_PwG9}N'k}.OKV3F^5x0=ybfkNh~W r`dȃJh ʈ9C;( Pr(*ՌB M!hF C`X3l6vkd6 d~v)@Z4UUN;k,.: N^̛χw0,b h4ZVHI4IIK^q]z4M L,qvxy=9REҌr U+jD MMBio.9GA|}mF MMM̼,NXYUKdž픽eCc{ݥ=B<ۼd"r;-Aj9ja )%.U \EᕄܣIsNj=RxOfy[w~$Bzv|nVOׄ7\)XjV޻LFD'Rmd) mYa,3j<&(v5t 6cI%O4Haq,\Yk&َ9y)s̫W-7N)~m~=aw؝͵w)v]QW'+}O5=$ _Zč~0V0z-DŽwߦi3LO> 64?Pb̒7ew+{ʮίu(YbӌJ 6fe_#ǃd3#P 0 X՟li |a bmL@![@$sڬ .G Ť?k"p}w<&7l ́~@ Pd?Ɓ~@2|  C(@p tvWW: DzUYh}@2i5 fH~Y?Xou_!tA:{n)`FE F!̨pJSW%hij"na"`\ IDATxohך?]/ܲ}v)IZ:R'!! az)Q\ Eiݻ!–mK 5l!D2!-])(8p{i<bKW ¿tf44f|<:s9 S"O <.S"O <.:]h!]u]t)~ `K]-IMzX8d2.ŏdYt)`_lʦ岧3L2k')k.ӛ$ lu]Uj?C5]x){r'OL$-ݯ(ˋKKKAX[[T)@6Y,۰wMӦ;T*a!<}=zt]/m\pE/l:{ g}fz\.׿n[S\.L6hr\.=j7S-appBCL&NYH$fc7n[nMNN6LP;w:444;;۹S6]pFx UD"YMo)bdL&fWVV,]0\XXXYYA ]kS-$L `zstt3KDћ7os$ɹO?#yয়~:77$Ѕzv <Bwo~6$uՄU :UONN6+O0@Slځ'xS偶rj6RijjJLQ,SSSReBu)VweӛKKKx úyr ctA~DACE)EϛޜDQ'ךbKhdAhHhg### d2TơvӢځ`ODQ49226W={^;v%e~~16::邘QxГP;|kE@x uNvDGzqΖL&;|p bFEAOB)%B{P!B%:P\.3鲘Q2f;Uv <jMvA=ΖeƘ$I]q, R:6*$ԎFv <633cӽ1tz|||޽@ Bd2Ywid2Zx!ju=Lq玄\.WZQqGYr) ù\v;x<`;]wOO'Ocsxp(J:.\Q!{jjG֎ bh>DNYZ& Ƙ(TJUUz_Ul6+bX]QUX,$)ӛJrbjjݗ$ITZJ;U0>ZjJIDT*(FQ^bHX̺JR4y){]e3?&,#Avvlvz#<?$v\f./pbZR)Qm/|ޡ%[h4j\YxLR)iT*E+xlZbaA Jlɲp'H>2f|>3:FmOdJr \6u"SߏŔX_[&_nĹ-%EQu"h."k IiMjpT*>%faԊځ7z$It~7'hi[)Q "I=۱ų|޸Y b»uX,f6.hn6%)r8JM,揜7:kQWu*8_vK9ϒeW4⇅[Tc1j$5;em cpy480uVV5O,hѧiٺKRd=tvGϸ$s= v];R XG~jhKѪmQouSVoV;9_x,!5uWDŽ km貶h0[uɲlIPPrgY6ps|Llwb ,FT;2|gjgFO>ѣGD"kkk]rϨT*K}]+*2==fEkP( K]4M+b__k׮׺H/Skއ444Tk+]GGGw933c{#UU}oq ݻG/l8tp|Ϝ9ӼrnjDQ:j-#OMMU*Z{bt8~ۤ )]vܹsgǦ;w Q=MrM+׶K~嗌1A2Cza SlkDӧO酧8rff\.y.r\nslB!H~]x|(ݣkϟ7qkxaG(JSSSDhIZv, iqSQggg;X腧fԩ*N]&枡1k9MɻFi酧8ի1V۾}$Ilyb{ES=|=MLLRPZ[>j;tb/B86QBx "677>74M{l?Dd$S_}VjGskGZfX˜XDTUjEKځ<әy ;GWIcjEQFRv Pz] !JD%7ٱrg VJ;5~/:>>*T7f/H,SkxJG<2}q껵 SH,:vj2jeCUUwhSZzmF@x  .l8%mCZ7*5|Dn,si婁T*|zz#ڝm{ϻ{-S,%I톡&fuO%z)1N/I7^h14),{m}?)v5vJLQ$ICIoˋ~7ps˼RTݫ'Ȼ@#k_r*L"ǼŶGӬ5M :߉34:T*uKO7~-tMStRNޝP;~AkFa )x8//p=\wѧZ.LA6E kE=X-˲l}Ϟ{ ՕJ1X4:7|>_768tH%ov*R8tAcVWW&Xי%'k(N^O.Soځ`KSedd1&Iҵk:]0M2hď?<>oB,?/N>o.v-A\\. *mځ`4mtt/,,t8yw޺uaEQ.\ 2i3g03F [M:77Wk(2˗j;wN\.~r-T;rO#Ցl0uxO᧕JE$DmS%$h(AZle ݦNM];0_ZZbrO^W:+*6wޕ$R,..||*mEQ]?^(>Q2ʕ+ۅ{W\ɓ'K?zh:V>u=˅ׯH$)Mz7|/q *6+>Y)kgHk߁t<>u@WmR5D4 7>^VoځRPiWZM{TBf; &E)L^7Ikw`㇋lRi1YۼwM>h4;Q@8d2vu@ SU!P1ұt]?q /j=T*>|7^~/zf{ H̴yB4kޡ=t]uT*>|i(ĉ'|o_׌WI/Oe2;vfol=z\.xv>T*\d迢(>~֒*\.7;;kѾ}|d2}O4Q.{9ffٻwo\iXfwisWo[E(JҞGu]󳳳_.HZ~@;4R|E)4m}}}uuueer%IƘ G_%I}yp NGlEa@o@x x.!ZӠ&?t!Ħ ES"O <.S"O <.S"ORCPx :]dEpB&axx8JYo7 <rɓ'EQf###. ŦX?.&=YBa޽@ +b] L&I;\.qŠPlzcS]4 t#^t‚ cBahh1fSUϸ|(ocBDvyP(4>8~D#[ހS(x(Y.KqO2$I2 MӌJct:=44s΅Mc>믯^Ȗg <\.mS͛7Їқe߿;~͉ Yc;wJrؘ Ƹ1v9`O$= d'֭[h4ju]_ZZbku}f OWVVFGG)i'Od]|;::*˗> cO5MkȰϛ:rL;:p7EZMx<>55$^7;jMpd\-L;Dj}(А."*(/R;sSVt]?qľ}.^جmB]QM4MX>7}jt 7oY;V NUxH, Ϝ9VoߞۣVjz>}jf2L&hԸGMwc]%lR,UTUaT*;T*1QiEAժAD"A dZE2bzRmZUh4JI=}hb!/ -BZI}3.IֈȟG6@|i ݷ7'ӎ]s&ME!x5nN`:uNzN"TZ кYVS,MzRFyUU}oF=y޿˵x~GCCCDu"%!(rC`K:tcPxEt>biiEO_tIUw8wUU/]ҽO?88h|g߼yԩSM9rdii6'c'=zD/XFǎ3Y_= b1zel;E#G8Pw yc`A`7WTe4,SSSA iZ>7䆆ApႿc-PVHƘ(u|(պَ;\E?ޕ+WcovӷlE{=B R))ĩSlt:d>:00@wN SEQ(x<7`zOvCÁ:55w޵&t$s`ͳB2!g^}Ue u$.샦iLF!ɘ"hJ&G1u=J9"BP"&II"ZP㣣gϞE1 ~UMe>]]]}7??lKQUUk ]^^u`|_[Tan%4. m\?/SNMhb+8p ޽{ǎ333###a۶m@୷:rHqbb"JB!~P}}} ϟ?}t o~?~|TK<=U#,Mݻgy|~_ͳ0tqqٳλ6f߽{žݻw˧ČC`+C>:8|T&AԶvP( ;D"{9}4aS`bM H I|`S:Xǎ;Õvd\8 Rrr\*j=ͳɝ={nW ^}ԭK]vǛa7D }eEQ0p|qPꫯVVV3npyoex}ۡHePBM sNuC*(7& . \/X^^k 5r@"hnR*C7s+A`<B/ ۔u^;e8^sL5M[ZZjOӧR1>a{ҷo޵kº,Xwi}z:߻w/ % BdcOG\sx-7mhX)x}=>ln u]?qubVDH2X;VVV;u Vg|åR)NשTjmmEIMݔ߯j6>}ҥṛp[۶mk P(h6<%=oJLoj'I;r }] cΝ;(]ggg}ptQn<]Ll6>*M<x۔e〶|`kvs[rxiǎn1ݑHmDy>gI-a0 BhTUա\.'N;׮]}}}/^LRBt:MeR(y~VPWh.)]72rNrG<ΆaTPYvȦLsb.wނׯ_gh}j f}}y1>M/Y&*<5Եɧ*Jr.H58kLQn]tȑ#[frY<oc{˜V<_YYYXXpXH{0qz4-STilg g|W}ojyy;.b``dW_u#Q*hNԺ)_YYq^1688HI_VjPػw|i ^(?lW^"SCٳ1=RTBR:77G{?5n9H:t^9(J"i+ъ17)-OcժdrrrRgφB!zT*={LMMku_4ncM0Ĉ>+ |i8&!àO]׳8xԩ'O:48qos놕T*ݹs'oqcǎ~88(>~e!p8ܔܷFVV6McuoPh,xbJx|jj*H S؆ Mپ쳪6q`7$Cl;ڹ+1J{$YY]UUVӟ]vMäНN8+XcScƀZdYVU=Y? ,#6ml6kzsii)L6e`e B/?~RR)ILupXBO7x77wyG| }䐙b9*Jw~TZAG_9zEQ.\ÃqfE9/24lSpxyyÇ~fOccc1"rc}& ؤ:rf sCԝrt5JT1f[}NIx-&˲c$Ijnө]V%Ibm/{v4RŸb1AG*gK*JA"6":{B7twBx ?$黷 ~'SQF^VDBfp+ Deڤ_Bx ?P,|ځF\ UP?ڬ{N4 .mc<fdrn+=DuۇDEӛ###uYP;P;:X;ܮ-UOvjDj"`J#fYQke'PUr_K'߫T* YgaySTZlEQU0֏٥GVTZ rGQ^bH +Jр?w<ÞNΓZ1q6>:0 B@tp SؠFˤkUΊb zZMR(^CK@ ^45.|d]֤*TʸqZ,JQk=js :ӉeN"0}dLXf4׹˅iOxaѩrgNcJ% 4:\WK-So/ol7'T4.)bO8ȋofb_~Ƴz:ѦNC8OkQ* BZv*6jQjUudZcW3r`=$c>^7otqF%KƘ V{!΀`[M)5MAk-Sz#ի1om߾]$R+PR߽{9Jpb}}|YXp_[u> aO1Qggg;XgsssSG3t]quu^` u]~ZsP{לw]#4c}GNTugd8~mAl(-za& ;.{)DQSDxv84?#Du>O9b:uW0,5i5_N/l>_Grܞ={%Z0xnuu%P;ئ.ŸuNm"3xJ~Ek%sMp^l5<&vbˣ TZZzM,a *=t:MOڦR)VVwpDO7=WdY]reea;N/q >Si4۠R᜞?^LMM߿f0O7Em#Ƙ(SVac=v0OYGkU\FE48JS7}^f4'}ԏ@]a*e6#-Y+O8?,짝Tʔtf>ޖ1&bӻ=h;Q;Qbw.p[F@pF[jUkk59MofjGgkG6FUUjB$&=Y;\6666*5$u'0lw$Si; Խ^ f$ֈo/L-|N6vj^t~CDy^SO'ũ6L!Xǐtœvl[Z"H.WAx ?\N \Ҙ0ӯ޷QkdXZ;ZRI.#-˭U )vPmG5Mc*O4>PnDэ>1 ?u|}ijbU=WAZ~KQƘ$I׮]tqdYVUP(t,fAu2\pAei=хBAUUYvR_hVԎh4f^VAx Ei6::( .3g0nܸ'O02u(G}sΙ;O4R$U^;Ғ,{zvx[n]x>\RK $A$IT*r4GJ^F͊[vlzvjba =P;`+Km1^ d"$cڍveY)ͭU3=P;`F{[Y:iהƯyѡ) O7D{z.YM3EEOvX)fsSy4:Е O7D/L]NXMZ;UyRi1YۼwM>h4#Q@(b-,, 0TUmQΞh]O8 /@4zW}jܹs|FvPO EQh4UnB!Pb888u tcP1EQO6=p@0w:{w}1hZZz3twBx %~r,۷ۙDZT*]r%EQ|%۷G"&fggm?ڷoŋm#':=|bb;^uJ$ߩL7KhB!<BcRx䏮|~vv% 4g.8ň>:뺮뚦R.3{ $cLn#c믿v_e,"B044R(Ͷbv%OzO#%AX[[ cOzCCCM.@NGO <.S"O <.S"ORCPx :]LEpB&axx8JYog <rɓ'EQf###.& ŦX?.,=MBa޽@ +b] L&I;\.qŠPlzcSMӒ$ t#t‚ cBahh1fSUϸ|(oFbS]gff&''eY>cLQ> FQׯ/,,P\.J%2O>eId|?/JKKKSSS Ʀ'Nb2־W2͛|xÇM3Ǝ?n|sbbBeƘΝ; B!Etii?:wufnnn3nݺFƎO]חciYӕF433$lhttT˗/7}%{ k4MR4Ac|VUBpƍy㛁@@cǎ,@qwT*Ve @}ch/Zǒ>}6 d2LeѨq\n2Y1NjDOy*?xMQSԆk׮]3$4fS:tg|co&E{ <M<}a޼yԩSM9rdii64tǎV;-{IDAT)exiZ>?yuɡ!A.\oG  |cA4}90ޟ8um`0N3G{=m?Uĉe/G ˿?~qq:\Ӵ70_??ܻwb \zo?9cL/ߓ??5mWgW^y@`;v옙m۶zȑ#ɜ&&&RX(* >J޽;G~W~q#Q@AZ~T*>}\. 0<<oX1)xV(꫕JeFMOCx ]cO <.S"O <.KwIENDB`( / 0DArials,8 08B 00DArial Unicode MS 08B 00" DTimes New Roman 08B 000DWingdingsRoman 08B 00@DGeorgiasRoman 08B 00PDTimesasRoman 08B 00 `DSymbolsRoman 08B 00 B.  @n?" dd@  @@`` d"  _ZC<922_   s [w  i+,-.*.  Xi)*! ,d!Z:P/  , 8       _ 4$b$$}0oc`wbb$5vq5sޠ?XK= $b$A nC3Y3+$$b$Wq625[0p Zf,QP 0AA fff09$@f8sKʚ;9ʚ;g43d3dPB 0ppp@ <4!d!d|pC 0,<4dddd|pC 0, <4KdKd|hG 0g4VdVdPB 0`p@ pph___PPT2001D<4XH}___PPTMac11}@f   hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography   ,namd$ WingdingsC  4w(   hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography0    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography0 (   hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography ,   hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography P4   hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography {   hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography' { x    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography z   hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography' }  x    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography ~   hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography' ~$   hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography' $   hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography | d4namd,Savoye LET Plain:1.0 d4namd,Savoye LET Plain:1.0 d4namd,Savoye LET Plain:1.0  d4namd,Savoye LET Plain:1.0 d4namd,Savoye LET Plain:1.0h   hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography   d4namd,Savoye LET Plain:1.0 d4namd,Savoye LET Plain:1.0"   hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography'     hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography' y(   hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography0    hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography0 ( ʚ;&)ʚ;dd`___PPT10@ ( ,4P${{\   z}     ~~$| t      $               ___PPT9 / 0 \lPL{,{   z,}H     ~,~L,<|,     L,          ,D?b* NAgustn Gravano - ACL - June 2008O =j+2High Frequency Word Entrainment in Spoken Dialogue,32C&E0Ani Nenkova - Agustn Gravano - Julia HirschbergH1B bb b0 X Entrainment In conversation, people adapt the way they speak to match their partners . Entrainment, accommodation, adaptation, alignment, convergence. `nn""/  "?"";v&Previous Work Existence of entrainment'In conversation, speakers: Negotiate common ways of describing things. S.E. Brennan, 1996 Alter their intensity to match their partners . R. Coulston et al., 2002 A. Ward & D. Litman, 2007 Reuse syntactic constructions. D. Reitter et al., 2006,03,$03$   $>)Y!Previous Work Role of entrainment"Entrainment at different levels (lex, syn, sem): Is key for both production and understanding, and facilitates interaction. M.J. Pickering & S. Garrod, 2004 D. Goleman, 2006 Is a good predictor of task success (MapTask). D. Reitter & J. Moore, 20071nKn2n/nn1H2  $.$!b ,P This WorkNovel measures of entrainment based on usage of high-frequency words (HFW). Entrainment and& Perceived naturalness Task success Dialogue coordination Implications in the development of Spoken Dialogue Systems.T]n9n<n]  <eHigh-Frequency WordsMost common words in a corpus, or in a conversation. Typically, function words and cue words. Entrainment of HFW Domain-independent&qqO{Entrainment & Naturalness (\Will a conversation be perceived as more natural if HFW entrainment occurs? Switchboard corpus 2430 spontaneous telephone conversations in American English Speakers asked to discuss a pre-assigned topic Annotated for degree of perceived naturalness, from  1 (Very natural) to  5 (Not natural at all)._nnK, .9  $$((,,Mz0Entrainment & Naturalness Measure of Entrainment(1 U}/Entrainment & Naturalness Machine Learning Task(0XPredict the perceived naturalness of conversations. Binary decision, over balanced data 250 conversations rated  1 (very natural), and 250 with ratings  3 ,  4 or  5 . Computed entr(w) for the 100 most frequent words in the entire Switchboard corpus. Feature selection: 25 most predictive words. um, how, okay, go, I ve, all, very, as, or, up, a, no, more, something, from, this, what, too, got, can, he, in, things, you, and.XZRZZZX'    D$$((,,004488<<5  V~!Entrainment & Naturalness Results("Logistic regression model (10-fold CV): 63.76% accuracy (significantly better than 50% baseline) Entrainment in usage of HFW is a good indicator of perceived naturalness. X < JfWEntrainment & Task Success (Is a conversation more likely to succeed when HFW entrainment occurs? Columbia Games Corpus 12 spontaneous task-oriented dialogues in American English, with no eye contact. Each pair of subjects played a series of computer-based matching games. Subjects received a score after each task.T\F    S|2Entrainment & Task Success Measures of Entrainment.3@B@ \'Entrainment & Task Success Word Classes"(@ B25MF-G: 25 most frequent words in the game 25MF-C: 25 most frequent words in the corpus the, a, okay, and, of, I, on, right, is, it, that, have,& ACW: Affirmative cue words alright, mm-hm, okay, right, uh-huh, yeah, yes 7.9% of all words in the Games CorpusXn:nnUn!  #9  $$((,,.0044%8888_"Entrainment & Task Success Results"#@B[Correlations with game score: HFW entrainment positively correlated with task success.rnnn9n  9^Entrainment & Coordination (`Is dialogue more coordinated when HFW entrainment occurs? Columbia Games Corpus Labeled for type of turn exchanges (Beattie, 1982), including: Smooth Switch: S2 starts his turn after S1 has finished hers Interruption: S2 starts his turn before S1 has finished hers Overlap: S2 starts his turn just before S1 has finished hers, but without interrupting.zP?9?  $$((,,00 448888<<    $$((,,-0044]"Entrainment & Coordination Results(#<Significant correlations (p<0.05): ENTR1(ACW) & Prop. of Overlaps (cor = 0.64) ENTR2(ACW) & Prop. of Overlaps (cor = 0.61) ENTR2(25MF-G) & Prop. of Overlaps (cor = 0.60) ENTR1(25MF-C) & Prop. of Interruptions (cor =  0.61) ENTR2(ACW) & Mean Latency of Smooth Switches (cor =  0.76) HFW entrainment positively correlated with more overlaps, fewer interruptions, and shorter inter-turn latencies.l# q        #  , qbE.14<|` ConclusionTwo novel measures of lexical entrainment, based on the usage of high-frequency words. Entrainment in usage of high-frequency words is correlated with: Perceived naturalness Task success Dialogue coordination Implications in the development of SDS.^_9_(nWA  (c2High Frequency Word Entrainment in Spoken Dialogue,32C&E0Ani Nenkova - Agustn Gravano - Julia HirschbergH1B bb b0 /A(P-Q.T/Z0d2P_ ` Ot{h______` M <ff33̙3` +ffO=ff̙H7` fff3f̙` Tff33ff` 0Ky{kOz` )R{f` GiIfff̙fR` ̙|̙3f` 3ff~>?" dd@'?lFd@  nK'o`P( n?" dd@   @@``PT     o (`0p>> vn')(  ZB  c $D"`   6l "M }  T Click to edit Master title style! !$  0 "; `  RClick to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level!     S  0Ġ "iP)   N*$  G  0tɠ "iP)  N*$  GT     "`h2   s *"`h2   s *"h2   s *"@h2   s *"0`h2   s *"0h2  s *"0@h2  s *"`0h2  s *"`h2  s *"h2  s *"@h2  s *"`n2  0" h2  s *"``h2  s *"`h2  s *"@`n2  0"``h2  s *"`h2  s *"n2  0"@n2  0"`h2  s *" h2  s *"`@n2  0"@n2   0"@@h2 ! s *"`@n2 " 0"``n2 # 0"`h2 $ s *"`@h2 % s *"``h2 & s *" h2 ' s *"` | ) @Am  cu_logo#" `0H  0޽h ? 3ff~___PPT10i. s+D=' = @B + NetworkP  [S %-(  ZB  c $D"0  64+ "&wf + T Click to edit Master title style! !  0+ "w0 + W#Click to edit Master subtitle style$ $T `]   "]p h2   s *"`]h2   s *"]h2   s *"]Eh2   s *"`h2   s *"h2  s *"Eh2  s *"yh2  s *"`B h2  s *"B h2  s *"EB h2  s *"yB n2  0",B h2  s *"`u  h2  s *"u  h2  s *"u E n2  0"yu  h2  s *"`(  h2  s *"(  n2  0"( E n2  0"y(  h2  s *",(  h2  s *"` Z n2  0" Z n2   0" EZ h2 ! s *"y Z n2 " 0"`  n2 # 0"  h2 $ s *" E h2 % s *"y  h2 & s *"A  h2 ' s *"yA  `B ( s *D"H  0޽h ? 3ff~___PPT10i. s+D=' = @B + 0 \T ( ~h    s *. P   . P*    s *t.    . R*  d  c $ ?  .  s *T.  @ . RClick to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level!     S  0(. `P  . P*    0x. `  . R*  H  0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.rH  \h( DXTCЊ \ \ s *x. P b  JB___PPTMac11   hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography  >*  \ s *r   b .JB___PPTMac11   hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography  @*  \ 0x `Pb  JB___PPTMac11   hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography  >*   \ 0n ` b JB___PPTMac11   hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography  @* H \ 0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.Er%%V8ZK0 @!P( @DD@DD x  c $+p0 +    0} 0 PRJB___PPTMac11   hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography  UACL, June 2008 - Columbus, OH 28 @   @    Ho#" `(  F>6___PPTMAC11   hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    ,namd$ Wingdings     hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography   \Department of Computer and Information Science University of Pennsylvania - Philadelphia, PA(] \B\ `B  0Doh `B  0Doh h ZB  s *Do@ p 8 @ X* @ X*   H@.o#" `^ X*F>6___PPTMAC11   hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    ,namd$ Wingdings     hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography   ADepartment of Computer Science Columbia University - New York, NY*B ABA `B  0DoXh X`B B 0Doh Xh ZB  s *Do@ p  ! B F. H   . H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.r]+D=' = @B +q  ((  (l ( C .M }  . l ( C p.; ` . H ( 0޽h ? 3ff~___PPT10i. uV+D=' = @B + ( p0(  x  c $D.M }  . x  c $.; ` . H  0޽h ? 3ff~___PPT10i._+D=' = @B + 0 ,0(  ,x , c $.M }  . x , c $$.; ` . H , 0޽h ? 3ff~___PPT10i._+D=' = @B +  P(  l  C .M }  . r  S .; ` . H  0޽h ? 3ff~___PPT10i.dVs +D=' = @B +  dP(  dr d S <vM }  v  d S 8v; `<$ 0 v H d 0޽h ? 3ff~tl___PPT10L.a R+FD' = @B D' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*d^q%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*dq%(+8+0+dv +R  . D( Kxobtvcaa l  C `vM }  v   C \v; `<$@ 0 v H  0޽h ? 3ff~:2___PPT10. u!+ED' = @B D' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*L_%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*_%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*/%(+% - $$ N$(  l  C &vM }  v P#  6Dv"'  ___PPTMac11  ,namd$ WingdingsC    ,namd$ WingdingsC    ,namd$ WingdingsC    ,namd$ WingdingsC    ,namd$ WingdingsC    ,namd$ WingdingsC    ,namd$ WingdingsC    ,namd$ WingdingsC    ,namd$ WingdingsC    ,namd$ WingdingsC    ,namd$ WingdingsC    ,namd$ WingdingsC    ,namd$ WingdingsC    ,namd$ WingdingsC    ,namd$ WingdingsC    ,namd$ WingdingsC    ,namd$ WingdingsC    ,namd$ WingdingsC    ,namd$ WingdingsC    ,namd$ WingdingsC    ,namd$ WingdingsC    ,namd$ WingdingsC    ,namd$ WingdingsC    ,namd$ WingdingsC    ,namd$ WingdingsC     |namdtTimes New Roman&Monotype Typography0099    |namdtTimes New Roman&Monotype Typography    |namdtTimes New Roman&Monotype Typography    |namdtTimes New Roman&Monotype Typography    |namdtTimes New Roman&Monotype Typography    |namdtTimes New Roman&Monotype Typography H___PPT10(    n___PPT9PH Where fraction(w, Si) = Fraction of times Speaker i used word w in the conversation Examples entr( okay ) = - | 10 / 500  8 / 600 | = - 0.0067 entr( yeah ) = - | 1 / 500  30 / 600 | = - 0.048 2 CCCCKC C C CK CCCCCCCCCCCCC CCCCCCCCCC> U 2 .$J   C "A eq1b P0H  0޽h ? 3ff~___PPT10i. um +D=' = @B +  D(  l  C ,vM }  v   C (v; `<$@ 0 v H  0޽h ? 3ff~___PPT10. u}?+EDZ' = @B D' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +DL' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<**%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<**%(+  0 *( U  l   C vM }  v ~   C Tv; ` v  H   0޽h ? 3ff~___PPT10i. u +D=' = @B +F   $D(  $l $ C vM }  v  $ C v; `<$@ 0 v H $ 0޽h ? 3ff~:2___PPT10. uOA +ED' = @B D' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*$F\%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*$\%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*$%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*$ %(+3 / A)9) (( rohcngam r  S vM }  v |  C Aeq2w ,$@ 0|  C Aeq3' ,$@ 0  0v"   $ 0t___PPTMac11  ,namd$ WingdingsC    ,namd$ WingdingsC    ,namd$ WingdingsC    ,namd$ WingdingsC    ,namd$ WingdingsC    ,namd$ WingdingsC    ,namd$ WingdingsC    ,namd$ WingdingsC    ,namd$ WingdingsC    ,namd$ WingdingsC    ,namd$ WingdingsC    ,namd$ WingdingsC    ,namd$ WingdingsC    ,namd$ WingdingsC    ,namd$ WingdingsC    ,namd$ WingdingsC    ,namd$ WingdingsC    ,namd$ WingdingsC    ,namd$ WingdingsC  <___PPT10R___PPT94, Where c = Class of wordsP 2CCCC5\  J   C "A eq1b8P   0"  $ 0___PPTMAC11  ,namd$ WingdingsC    ,namd$ WingdingsC    ,namd$ WingdingsC    ,namd$ WingdingsC    ,namd$ WingdingsC    ,namd$ WingdingsC    ,namd$ WingdingsC    ,namd$ WingdingsC    ,namd$ WingdingsC    ,namd$ WingdingsC    ,namd$ WingdingsC    ,namd$ WingdingsC    ,namd$ WingdingsC    ,namd$ WingdingsC    ,namd$ WingdingsC    ,namd$ WingdingsC    ,namd$ WingdingsC    ,namd$ WingdingsC    ,namd$ WingdingsC  X___PPT1080    ___PPT9h` = countSi(w) = No. of times Si used word w in the conversation> 2CKCCCKC C KC CCCC 45\  H  0޽h ? 3ff~t l ___PPT10L . um +%D' = @B Dk' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D' =%(Du' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(D' =%(Du' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<* %(+p+0+ ++0+  +  4(  4l 4 C 1; `   4 c 20e0e "`M }   H 4 0޽h ? 3ff~___PPT10i. u=!+D=' = @B +  ^@_( `?xobtples @r @ S 8D; `   @ c (E0e0e "`M }   p @  ^@ #""h\]\@ 7 8@ B3 ?"`  ENTR2 cor (p)H  o(7 6@ BX ?"`  ENTR1 cor (p)H  o( 4@ BP?@ R Word class  o( '@ <bf?   V0.372 (0.01)o( &@ BDj?  V0.230 (0.12)o( %@ B4l?@   KACWo( $@ B5? )   V0.260 (0.07)o( #@ <f?)  V0.376 (0.01)o( "@ B?@)   N25MF-Go( !@ B? )  V0.187 (0.20)o(  @ <Pf? )  V0.341 (0.02)o( @ B?@)  N25MF-Co(`B (@ 0jJ ?@ZB *@ s *1 ?@) ) ZB +@ s *1 ?@  `B ,@ 0jJ ?@  `B -@ 0jJ ?@@ ZB /@ s *1 ?  `B 0@ 0jJ ? ZB I@ s *1 ? ZB K@ s *1 ?@H @ 0޽h ? 3ff~___PPT10i. u=!+D=' = @B +R   4,<( Jxobtvlcs < < S _; `<$@ 0   < c 10e0e "`M }   H < 0޽h ? 3ff~  ___PPT10 . u=!+Dr ' = @B D- ' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +Dd' =%(D ' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*<:P%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*<P%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*<%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*< %(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*< a%(+  8( Kxobtvcaa 8 8 S ;  `  "  8 c \0e0e "`M }   H 8 0޽h ? 3ff~___PPT10i. u=!+D=' = @B +}  pD$(  Dr D S M }   r D S d; `  H D 0޽h ? 3ff~___PPT10i.v+D=' = @B +2V8ZK0 Pr(  P~ P s *L[p0  ~ P s *[H     P 0X 0 PRJB___PPTMAC11   hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography  UACL, June 2008 - Columbus, OH 2F @   P @   P B+o#" `(  F>6___PPTMAC11   hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    ,namd$ Wingdings     hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography   \Department of Computer and Information Science University of Pennsylvania - Philadelphia, PA(] \B\ ZB P s *Doh ZB P s *Doh h ZB  P s *Do@ p F @ X*  P @ X*  P B+o#" `^ X*F>6___PPTMAC11   hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    ,namd$ Wingdings     hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography   ADepartment of Computer Science Columbia University - New York, NY*B ABA ZB  P s *DoXh XZB  PB s *Doh Xh ZB P s *Do@ p H P 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.r]+D=' = @B + 0 zr ( 9 X  C     .r  # T.  @  .  H  0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.rP 0 tl @(  0yPy @R @ 3     r @ #   @    H @ 0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.eVs  v 0 @(  X  C       S H!  @    H  0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.(8Xz 0 tl` (   R   3     r   # $  @    H   0޽h ? 3380___PPT10. uj{ 0 tlP( &   R  3     r  # 4G  @    H  0޽h ? 3380___PPT10. uj | 0 p(  X C     S ( @    H  0޽h ? 3380___PPT10. uj 0 0((  0^ 0 S      0 c $-  @    H 0 0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.(8X 0 T"(  Td T c $    ~ T C ̴  @    H T 0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.rr  C O%E; AAM4:O0/UQSuM_hHk#a\Pjc0XF(eeOh+'0 4   , 8DL ICSLP 2006CSLAgustin Gravanogusgusgusagusin 777Microsoft PowerPointP@ y|@X@pɒ-G2;  ]L  Y!--$X X --'--%]--'3f--F$!      --'--F$!      --'--F$!      --'--F$! !"$%')*,-./000/.-,*)'%$"! --'--F$! !"$%')*,-./000/.-,*)'%$"! --'--F$! !"$%')*,-./000/.-,*)'%$"! --'f--F$! !"$%')*,-./000/.-,*)'%$"! --'3f--F$!7789:;<>@BCEFGHIIIHGFECB@><;:9877--'--F$!7789:;<>@BCEFGHIIIHGFECB@><;:9877--'f--F$!7789:;<>@BCEFGHIIIHGFECB@><;:9877--'--F$!7789:;<>@BCEFGHIIIHGFECB@><;:9877--'--F$!7789:;<>@BCEFGHIIIHGFECB@><;:9877--'3f--F$!PPPQRTUWY[\^_`aabaa`_^\[YWUTRQPPP--'f--F$!PPPQRTUWY[\^_`aabaa`_^\[YWUTRQPPP--'--F$!PPPQRTUWY[\^_`aabaa`_^\[YWUTRQPPP--'--F$!PPPQRTUWY[\^_`aabaa`_^\[YWUTRQPPP--'f--F$!iiijkmnprsuwxyzzzzzyxwusrpnmkjiii--'--F$!iiijkmnprsuwxyzzzzzyxwusrpnmkjiii--'--F$!iiijkmnprsuwxyzzzzzyxwusrpnmkjiii--'--F$!iiijkmnprsuwxyzzzzzyxwusrpnmkjiii--'--F$!iiijkmnprsuwxyzzzzzyxwusrpnmkjiii--'f--F$!--'--F$!--'--F$!--'--F$!--'--F$!--'--F$!--'--F$!--'--F$!--'--F$!--'--F$!--'--%--'@Times New Roman-. 3f72 ! High Frequency Word Entrainment    (   ! . "System-@Times New Roman-. 3f"2 *in Spoken Dialogue     .-@Arial-. 2 "ACL, June 2008   .. 2 !ACL, June 2008   .-@Arial-.  2 "-..  2 !-.-@Arial-. 2 " Columbus, OH    .. 2 ! Columbus, OH    .-- @ IZ@-B( w-- @ @-- @ IZ@-f-- $--'@Arial-. L2 %.Department of Computer and Information Science             .. L2 $.Department of Computer and Information Science             .-@Arial-. 02 %University of Pennsylvania         .. 02 $University of Pennsylvania         .-@Arial-.  2 /-..  2 .-.-@Arial-. 2 <Philadelphia, PA    .. 2 ;Philadelphia, PA    .-f--%r--'f--%rr--'f--%sl--'~- @ IZ@x-B( -- @ @w-- @ IZ@x-~-- $hh--'@Arial-. 42 Department of Computer Science        .. 42 Department of Computer Science        .-@Arial-. %2 Columbia University         .. %2 Columbia University         .-@Arial-.  2 -..  2 -.-@Arial-. 2  New York, NY   .. 2  New York, NY   .-~--%hhr--'~--%hrr--'~--%sl--'@Arial-.  2 hAni.-@Arial-. 2 hKNenkova .-@Arial-.  2 h-.-@Arial-. 2 hAgust .-@Arial-.  2 h.-@Arial-. 2 h n Gravano   .-@Arial-.  2 h- .-@Arial-. 2 iJulia .. 2 hJulia .-@Arial-. 2 h Hirschberg  .-՜.+,D՜.+,   $,4< D aFOn-screen Shown-sColumbia University)y: ArialArial Unicode MSTimes New Roman WingdingsGeorgiaTimesSymbolNetwork3High Frequency Word Entrainment in Spoken Dialogue Entrainment'Previous Work Existence of entrainment"Previous Work Role of entrainment This WorkHigh-Frequency WordsEntrainment & Naturalness 1Entrainment & Naturalness Measure of Entrainment0Entrainment & Naturalness Machine Learning Task"Entrainment & Naturalness ResultsEntrainment & Task Success 3Entrainment & Task Success Measures of Entrainment(Entrainment & Task Success Word Classes#Entrainment & Task Success ResultsEntrainment & Coordination #Entrainment & Coordination Results Conclusion3High Frequency Word Entrainment in Spoken Dialogue  Fonts UsedDesign Template Slide TitlesP :B_PID_LINKBASEARoot EntrydO)&pPicturesCurrent UserMSummaryInformation(JP4      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdfghijkly'_S8Agustin GravanoAgustin GravanoRoot EntrydO)6atPicturesCurrent UserMSummaryInformation(JP4      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdfghijkly'_SHAgustin GravanoAgustin Gravano  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdfghijklnopqrstyRoot EntrydO)PicturesCurrent UsermSummaryInformation(JP4PowerPoint Document(QwDocumentSummaryInformation8e